Exploring the Crossroads of Innate and Adaptive Immunity Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
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Keywords

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
Host-pathogen interaction
Immune evasion
Granuloma formation
Macrophages
Complement system

How to Cite

Sedarous, Eden, Dima Traboulsi, Heeral Dodhia, Katey Kwan, Suky Zheng, and Venice Co. 2025. “Exploring the Crossroads of Innate and Adaptive Immunity Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis”. Canadian Journal for the Academic Mind 2 (2). Ottawa, ON:217-47. https://doi.org/10.25071/2817-5344/99.

Abstract

This review examines the complex interactions between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host immunity, with a focus on Mtb and immune evasion. Upon inhalation, Mtb infects alveolar macrophages, inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion to survive. Dendritic cells are later activated, driving CD4+ T cell differentiation and IFN-γ release to enhance macrophage bactericidal activity. Mtb may be sequestered in granulomas, which contain the infection but facilitates Mtbpersistence during latency. Further, cytotoxic T lymphocytes eliminate infected cells, while regulatory T cells modulate immunity. Overall, host immune responses must balance between pathogen control and tissue damage. Thus, Mtb’simmune evasion mechanisms pose a significant challenge for vaccine development and therapeutic intervention. Understanding these interactions is critical for uncovering novel strategies against Mtb infection and improving public health outcomes.

https://doi.org/10.25071/2817-5344/99
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Copyright (c) 2025 Eden Sedarous, Dima Traboulsi, Heeral Dodhia, Katey Kwan, Suky Zheng, Venice Co